Heterogeneous Perspectives of Urban Resilience - Dealing with Flood and Heat Events in European Cities

Abstract

Numerous threats, stresses and shocks occurring from both natural hazards and human-made events are not only put on our ecosystems but further concern our urban and regional systems. Global warming has reached European cities and city-regions with its alarming impacts such as enduring heat waves and heavy flash floods. To react to these challenges and to reduce vulnerabilities in response to rapidly changing climatic conditions and growing urban complexities, various planning concepts have been introduced to urban and regional development.