In this contribution, a vector-autoregressive (VAR) process with multivariate t-distributed random deviations is incorporated into the Gauss-Helmert model (GHM), resulting in an innovative adjustment model. This model is ...

A broad range of scientific, administrative, industrial and private users demand for detailed three dimensional (3D) spatial data with typical applications in, for instance, as-built documentation, construction engineering, ...

Various GNSS applications require low-cost, small-scale, lightweight and power-saving GNSS devices and require high precision in terms of low noise for carrier phase and code observations. Applications vary from navigation ...

In recent years, the requirements in the industrial production, e.g., ships or planes, have been increased. In addition to high accuracy requirements with a standard deviation of 1 mm, an efficient 3D object capturing is ...

B-spline surfaces possess attractive properties such as a high degree of continuity or the local support of their basis functions. One of the major applications of B-spline surfaces in engineering geodesy is the least-square ...

Die instantan mit stationären, terrestrischen Laserscannern (TLS) aufgenommen dreidimensionalen Punktwolken beziehen sich generell auf ein lokales Horizontsystem, dessen Lage und Orientierung gegenüber einem übergeordnetem ...