In this contribution, a vector-autoregressive (VAR) process with multivariate t-distributed random deviations is incorporated into the Gauss-Helmert model (GHM), resulting in an innovative adjustment model. This model is ...

The choice of an appropriate metric is mandatory to perform deformation analysis between two point clouds (PC)-the distance has to be trustworthy and, simultaneously, robust against measurement noise, which may be correlated ...

Deformation monitoring of structures is a common application and one of the major tasks of engineering surveying. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has become a popular method for detecting deformations due to high precision ...

The terrestrial laser scanning technology is increasingly applied in the deformation monitoring of tunnel structures. However, outliers and data gaps in the terrestrial laser scanning point cloud data have a deteriorating ...