The COVID-19 pandemic has once again drastically highlighted the trend and need towards urban and
distributed production in cities (so-called Fab Cities) and their importance for society in order to
independently meet the demand for physical goods. For small but highly individualized products, the
manufacturing process is now possible in distributed and open production sites (so called FabLabs) equipped
with digital manufacturing machines. These places empower individuals, start-ups, SMEs or companies to
innovate, produce and educate. However, many open production sites are operated independently of each
other, reducing resource efficiency, capacity utilization and competitiveness. This strives against the trend
of physical and digital networking, which the manufacturing industry has long since completed in order to
use its capacities more efficiently. In this paper, an integrative literature review is used to hypothesize and
verify that such production planning and control (PPC) for open, distributed and bottom-up controlled
production networks has not yet been scientifically researched. As a result of the review, it appears that
today's production can be divided into three main types. The first main type represents the closed factory
with its own PPC. The second main type represents globally connected and distributed value networks (e.g.,
Industry 4.0, cloud manufacturing) that are controlled top-down. The third and largely unexplored main type
consists of open, bottom-up controlled as well as locally distributed but globally connected open production
sites. To increase the future competitiveness and resilience of a sustainable Fab City, the authors show that
further research is needed on the controlling and governance of open and urban production sites which the
authors present in a research agenda.
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