Logistics performance becomes an ever more important strategic factor for manufacturing companies to obtain a competitive advantage. Yet, numerous companies fail to meet their own corporate goals or customer requirements. One of the most important objectives in logistics is speed in terms of short delivery times which are mainly determined by the production throughput times. Derivation of effective improvement measures requires a profound understanding of logistic cause-effect relationships. At a time of increasing digitalization, an increasing amount of feedback data is available that offers great potentials to discover novel insights. Yet, the vast amount of data can also be overwhelming and result in unsystematic and ineffective analysis of less meaningful data. Therefore, in this paper a systematic procedure is presented that allows data-based identification of throughput time potentials in production departments. The quantitative analysis framework is based on a generic driver tree structuring the influencing factors on throughput time. The approach will boost the understanding about logistics relations and will particularly help SMEs to focus on the most relevant influencing factors and data. Furthermore, it provides a basis for future more advanced information systems that will help companies to continuously improve their logistics performance and adapt their supply chains to ever-changing conditions.