Irrespective of potential benefits of sustainability, both individuals and organizations, are faced with current challenges. This thesis is organized in two parts consisting of two research articles in Part A (Electronic Invoices) and three research articles in Part B (Transportation). In both parts, the three types of sustainability - social equity, economic efficiency, and ecological awareness - are addressed in detail. Given that XML-based invoice standards are designed for an invoice exchange, Part A of this thesis proposes that adoption of these standards depends on a range of adoption determinants and furthermore not only on the organizations focal perspective but rather on synergies between business partners (dyadic perspective). XML-based invoices have the high potential of being quickly transmitted and offer major cost reductions in times of digitization and globalization. Therefore, we have conducted two studies. The first study contains twelve expert interviews to identify and organize adoption determinants using a structured content analysis with respect to an XML-based invoice standard. Building on these results, the second study includes an empirical qualitative online inquiry to study the influence of technological, organizational, as well as external adoption determinants on XML-based invoice standard adoption. Results from partial least squares analyses show that all three aspects impact the adoption, but the strongest influence derives from technological aspects, like XML-specific characteristics (e.g., integration into software and hardware). One approach to making transportation more sustainable is to transition away from a car-oriented society and either voluntarily forgo private vehicles or use new transportation alternatives like carsharing. Part B of this thesis considers first carless households and characterizes and clusters them with regards to build-environment and socio-economic characteristics. We then conducted our generalized structural equation modeling analysis in two environmental leader areas (Germany & California) using national travel surveys. Transportation alternatives (e.g., carsharing) are needed to fulfill mobility needs of individuals but at the same time organizations require profits to successfully implement carsharing services. Thus, we have developed two mathematical models on a strategical and tactical level to maximize organizations’ profit but restricted with diverse parameters and limits (e.g., CO2 emission limit, or maximum distance of potential carsharing station to demand points). Our distinguishing feature is the heterogeneity of the carsharing fleet (petrol, hybrid, and electric vehicles). Both models are extensively tested and benchmarks are conducted for a case example (San Francisco, U.S.). The results of both optimization models demonstrate the influence of slight parameter modifications and indicate how a profitable operation of heterogeneous fleets can be established and optimized.