This article presents an approach developed for collecting and processing data about the actual stress state of a structural component of a technical product and to estimate its residual fatigue life in case random dynamic loadings. As input data sensor values are being used from which the operating loads acting on a component are calculated. For the realization of the experiments a suitable mobile measuring device has been developed. The device is designed to digitize sensor signals at certain positions identified by simulation results, to collect this data in an internal memory, to mathematically analyze this data in real time, to process this data in parallel for the purpose of identifying characteristic information, to restore the stress state of the component and to estimate the residual fatigue life. The created concept provides an opportunity to realize the "intellectualization" of structural components without radical changes in their construction and allows supplementing components with additional functions for collecting and analyzing data during the usage phase of the components life cycle, what is an integral part of an Industry 4.0 product.