One objective of dialysis treatment is to normalize the blood plasma electrolytes and remove waste products such as urea and creatinine from blood. However, due to a shift in plasma osmolarity, a rapid or excessive change ...

We study the influence of the polarization states of ionizing femtosecond two-color pulses on the emitted terahertz radiation in gases. A local-current model and plane-wave evaluations justify the previously-reported impact ...