Capacitance and time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes are frequently used for measurements of the volumetric soil water content. The measurement concept is based on the correlation between volumetric water content and ...

To ensure productivity and product quality, the parameters of biotechnological processes need to be monitored. Along temperature or pH, one important parameter is the cell density in the culture medium. In this work, we ...

In this contribution, different obstacle-based self-calibration techniques for the measurement of the dielectric properties of liquids are investigated at microwave frequencies. The liquid under test is contained inside a ...