Internal combustion engine (ICE) represents the main pillar of the powertrain in the majority of road, marine freight, and transportation worldwide. With the absence of a real alternative that can replace ICE over its full ...

Reducing friction is an important aspect to increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICE). The majority of frictional losses in engines are related to both the piston skirt and piston ring–cylinder liner ...

Climate change is exacerbated by vehicle emissions. Furthermore, vehicle pollution contributes to respiratory and cardiopulmonary diseases, as well as lung cancer. This requires a drastic reduction in global greenhouse gas ...